Ovarian swelling can be caused by several factors, such as ovarian cysts, endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, normal conditions around ovulation, or even ovarian cancer.
The ovaries are reproductive organs that play an important role in the female menstrual cycle. Located on both sides of the uterus, their size may vary depending on a woman’s age. The ovaries have two key functions: developing eggs (oocytes) and producing female reproductive hormones. Given these crucial roles, maintaining ovarian health is essential, as a number of medical conditions can affect them.
What Causes Ovarian Swelling?
When the ovaries become swollen, the condition may be linked to several underlying causes. These include ovulation, endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, or ovarian cancer.
For women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF), ovarian swelling can occur due to the administration of hormonal injections such as gonadotropins or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). These medications stimulate follicle development and trigger ovulation, but they may also lead to complications such as Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS), which is characterized by enlarged and painful ovaries.
Hormonal stimulation increases the permeability of ovarian blood vessels, leading to ovarian enlargement, abdominal pain, and in some cases, fluid leakage into the abdominal or thoracic cavity. OHSS may also occur with the use of other ovulation induction drugs, such as clomiphene citrate or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
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Although the exact mechanism is not fully understood, OHSS is believed to be related to elevated hCG levels during fertility treatment. Increased hCG concentration can cause the ovarian blood vessels to become more permeable, resulting in swelling and fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity.
Is It True That an Abdominal Injection Causes Ovarian Swelling?
Many women wonder whether receiving an injection in the left side of the abdomen can cause the left ovary to swell. The answer is no. To date, there is no scientific evidence showing that the injection site on the abdomen directly affects the ovary on the same side.
Can Ovarian Swelling Be Treated?
Ovarian swelling due to certain conditions may be treated with hormonal therapy. However, in the case of OHSS, there is no specific cure. Symptoms typically resolve on their own over time, but supportive treatment is often required to relieve discomfort and prevent complications. The management depends on the severity of the condition. Mild to moderate OHSS can usually be managed at home under medical supervision.
Hormonal therapy may involve medications containing progestin, sometimes combined with agents that induce a temporary “menopause-like” state.
This explanation outlines the causes, risks, and management of ovarian swelling. Women experiencing symptoms of ovarian enlargement should always consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.
