Artificial insemination is an assisted reproductive technique with several types. For couples planning a pregnancy, artificial insemination may already be familiar. Artificial insemination is one of the assisted reproductive technologies for couples who have difficulty conceiving naturally.
According to a study published in the journal Human Reproduction, artificial insemination is a fertility treatment performed by directly inserting sperm into the uterus to achieve pregnancy. In the insemination method, sperm cells are “sorted” and selected to increase the chances of pregnancy.
Types of Artificial Insemination
One of the most common types of artificial insemination is intrauterine insemination (IUI). However, there are several other types of artificial insemination as well. Here are some of them:
1. Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)
Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a procedure commonly chosen by couples who experience fertility issues. Intrauterine insemination involves inserting sperm directly into the uterus to facilitate fertilization.
This method is particularly helpful for couples who have difficulty conceiving naturally. In natural conception, thick cervical mucus can block sperm from reaching the egg. Therefore, the IUI procedure provides a “shortcut” for sperm to reach the egg without encountering these barriers. According to Dr. Febriyan Nicholas, Sp.OG., M.Kes., an obstetrics and gynecology specialist at Bocah Indonesia, the success rate of insemination reaches 10-15 percent.
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2. Intravaginal Insemination (IVI)
In addition to intrauterine insemination (IUI), another type of artificial insemination is intravaginal insemination (IVI). Intravaginal insemination involves the direct insertion of sperm into the vagina. While intrauterine insemination (IUI) is performed for couples facing infertility issues, intravaginal insemination can be done for couples who do not have fertility problems.
This fertility program can also be an option for women who experience pain during sexual intercourse (not due to medical reasons). Unlike intrauterine insemination (IUI), the success rate of IVI tends to be lower. Therefore, this fertility program is rarely chosen by couples planning to have children. If you choose this fertility program, it’s important to use sperm with good motility (movement) and morphology (shape).
3. Intracervical Insemination (ICI)
This type of insemination may still be unfamiliar to many people. Intracervical insemination (ICI) involves placing sperm directly into the cervix. Unlike IUI, which inserts sperm directly into the uterus, ICI allows sperm to travel upward from the cervix into the uterus. This procedure is one of the oldest types of artificial insemination, dating back to the 1880s. Since the procedure is performed from the cervix and is far from the fallopian tubes, it is much cheaper than IUI. However, according to a study published in the journal Human Reproduction, ICI has a pregnancy success rate of around 37.9% after 6 cycles of insemination treatment.
4. Intratubal Insemination (ITI)
The last type of insemination is intratubal insemination (ITI). This procedure can be done in two ways: inserting sperm into the fallopian tubes using a catheter, or a more invasive method involving a camera inserted into the abdomen to locate the fallopian tubes so that sperm can be placed directly. In certain cases, the second method has been shown to help couples with ovulation problems or thick cervical mucus that blocks sperm from reaching the egg.
These are some types of insemination that parents should be aware of. Up to now, the most commonly used type of insemination is intrauterine insemination (IUI). If you plan to undergo an insemination program, consult with Bocah Indonesia!
Source:
Kop, PAL., et al. (2015). Intrauterine insemination or intracervical insemination with cryopreserved donor sperm in the natural cycle: a cohort study. Human Reproduction, Volume 30, Issue 3, March 2015, Pages 603–607.
Kaberi, B., Bhavana, S. (2017). Pregnancy Outcome of Home Intravaginal Insemination in Couples with Unconsummated Marriage. Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences 10(4):p 293-296, Oct–Dec 2017.
Kop, PA., et al. (2018). Intrauterine insemination versus intracervical insemination in donor sperm treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;1(1):CD000317.
